abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an RNA virus in the Family Paramyxoviridae. Here, the activities performed by the RSV polymerase when it encounters the viral antigenomic promoter were examined. RSV RNA synthesis was reconstituted in vitro using recombinant, isolated polymerase and an RNA oligonucleotide template ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Noton SL,Deflubé LR,Tremaglio CZ,Fearns R

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antigenic variation to evade host immunity has long been assumed to be a driving force of diversifying selection in pathogens. Colonization by Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is central to the organism's transmission and therefore evolution, is limited by two arms of the immune system: antibody- and T cell- mediated i...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Li Y,Gierahn T,Thompson CM,Trzciński K,Ford CB,Croucher N,Gouveia P,Flechtner JB,Malley R,Lipsitch M

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modern agriculture favours the selection and spread of novel plant diseases. Furthermore, crop genetic resistance against pathogens is often rendered ineffective within a few years of its commercial deployment. Leptosphaeria maculans, the cause of phoma stem canker of oilseed rape, develops gene-for-gene interactions ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Daverdin G,Rouxel T,Gout L,Aubertot JN,Fudal I,Meyer M,Parlange F,Carpezat J,Balesdent MH

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Caspase-dependent cleavage of antigens associated with apoptotic cells plays a prominent role in the generation of CD8⁺ T cell responses in various infectious diseases. We found that the emergence of a large population of autoreactive CD8⁺ T effector cells specific for apoptotic T cell-associated self-epitopes exceeds...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Franceschini D,Del Porto P,Piconese S,Trella E,Accapezzato D,Paroli M,Morrone S,Piccolella E,Spada E,Mele A,Sidney J,Sette A,Barnaba V

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transformation is an important mechanism of microbial evolution through which bacteria have been observed to rapidly adapt in response to clinical interventions; examples include facilitating vaccine evasion and the development of penicillin resistance in the major respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. To cha...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Croucher NJ,Harris SR,Barquist L,Parkhill J,Bentley SD

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parvoviruses exploit transferrin receptor type-1 (TfR) for cellular entry in carnivores, and specific interactions are key to control of host range. We show that several key mutations acquired by TfR during the evolution of Caniforms (dogs and related species) modified the interactions with parvovirus capsids by reduc...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Kaelber JT,Demogines A,Harbison CE,Allison AB,Goodman LB,Ortega AN,Sawyer SL,Parrish CR

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about the role of viral genes in modulating host cytokine responses. Here we report a new functional role of the viral encoded IE1 protein of the murine cytomegalovirus in sculpting the inflammatory response in an acute infection. In time course experiments of infected primary macrophages (MΦs) measuri...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Rodríguez-Martín S,Kropp KA,Wilhelmi V,Lisnic VJ,Hsieh WY,Blanc M,Livingston A,Busche A,Tekotte H,Messerle M,Auer M,Fraser I,Jonjic S,Angulo A,Reddehase MJ,Ghazal P

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Idiopathic chronic diarrhea (ICD) is a leading cause of morbidity amongst rhesus monkeys kept in captivity. Here, we show that exposure of affected animals to the whipworm Trichuris trichiura led to clinical improvement in fecal consistency, accompanied by weight gain, in four out of the five treated monkeys. By flow ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Broadhurst MJ,Ardeshir A,Kanwar B,Mirpuri J,Gundra UM,Leung JM,Wiens KE,Vujkovic-Cvijin I,Kim CC,Yarovinsky F,Lerche NW,McCune JM,Loke P

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas the majority of pathogenic Salmonella serovars are capable of infecting many different animal species, typically producing a self-limited gastroenteritis, serovars with narrow host-specificity exhibit increased virulence and their infections frequently result in fatal systemic diseases. In our study, a genetic...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Kisiela DI,Chattopadhyay S,Libby SJ,Karlinsey JE,Fang FC,Tchesnokova V,Kramer JJ,Beskhlebnaya V,Samadpour M,Grzymajlo K,Ugorski M,Lankau EW,Mackie RI,Clegg S,Sokurenko EV

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rice dwarf virus (RDV) replicates in and is transmitted by a leafhopper vector in a persistent-propagative manner. Previous cytopathologic and genetic data revealed that tubular structures, constructed by the nonstructural viral protein Pns10, contain viral particles and are directly involved in the intercellular spre...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Chen Q,Chen H,Mao Q,Liu Q,Shimizu T,Uehara-Ichiki T,Wu Z,Xie L,Omura T,Wei T

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Paramount to the success of persistent viral infection is the ability of viruses to navigate hostile environments en route to future targets. In response to such obstacles, many viruses have developed the ability of establishing actin rich-membrane bridges to aid in future infections. Herein through dynamic imaging of...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Aggarwal A,Iemma TL,Shih I,Newsome TP,McAllery S,Cunningham AL,Turville SG

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alternaria brassicicola is a successful saprophyte and necrotrophic plant pathogen. Several A. brassicicola genes have been characterized as affecting pathogenesis of Brassica species. To study regulatory mechanisms of pathogenesis, we mined 421 genes in silico encoding putative transcription factors in a machine-anno...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Cho Y,Srivastava A,Ohm RA,Lawrence CB,Wang KH,Grigoriev IV,Marahatta SP

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Macroautophagy has been shown to be important for the cellular remodelling required for Leishmania differentiation. We now demonstrate that L. major contains a functional ATG12-ATG5 conjugation system, which is required for ATG8-dependent autophagosome formation. Nascent autophagosomes were found commonly associated w...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Williams RA,Smith TK,Cull B,Mottram JC,Coombs GH

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The African sleeping sickness parasite Trypanosoma brucei evades the host immune system through antigenic variation of its variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) coat. Although the T. brucei genome contains ∼1500 VSGs, only one VSG is expressed at a time from one of about 15 subtelomeric VSG expression sites (ESs). For an...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Povelones ML,Gluenz E,Dembek M,Gull K,Rudenko G

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interferon protects mice from vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection and pathogenesis; however, it is not known which of the numerous interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) mediate the antiviral effect. A prominent family of ISGs is the interferon-induced with tetratricopeptide repeats (Ifit) genes comprising three mem...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Fensterl V,Wetzel JL,Ramachandran S,Ogino T,Stohlman SA,Bergmann CC,Diamond MS,Virgin HW,Sen GC

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The binding of human complement inhibitors to vaccine antigens in vivo could diminish their immunogenicity. A meningococcal ligand for the complement down-regulator, factor H (fH), is fH-binding protein (fHbp), which is specific for human fH. Vaccines containing recombinant fHbp or native outer membrane vesicles (NOMV...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Beernink PT,Shaughnessy J,Pajon R,Braga EM,Ram S,Granoff DM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen that accounts for up to 20 percent of infections in intensive care units worldwide. Furthermore, A. baumannii strains have emerged that are resistant to all available antimicrobials. These facts highlight the dire need for new therapeutic strategies to combat...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Hood MI,Mortensen BL,Moore JL,Zhang Y,Kehl-Fie TE,Sugitani N,Chazin WJ,Caprioli RM,Skaar EP

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vibrio cholerae is a bacterial pathogen that colonizes the chitinous exoskeleton of zooplankton as well as the human gastrointestinal tract. Colonization of these different niches involves an N-acetylglucosamine binding protein (GbpA) that has been reported to mediate bacterial attachment to both marine chitin and mam...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Wong E,Vaaje-Kolstad G,Ghosh A,Hurtado-Guerrero R,Konarev PV,Ibrahim AF,Svergun DI,Eijsink VG,Chatterjee NS,van Aalten DM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA deaminase APOBEC3G converts cytosines to uracils in retroviral cDNA, which are immortalized as genomic strand G-to-A hypermutations by reverse transcription. A single round of APOBEC3G-dependent mutagenesis can be catastrophic, but evidence suggests that sublethal levels contribute to viral genetic diversity a...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Refsland EW,Hultquist JF,Harris RS

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rice tungro disease is caused by synergistic interaction of an RNA picorna-like virus Rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV) and a DNA pararetrovirus Rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV). It is spread by insects owing to an RTSV-encoded transmission factor. RTBV has evolved a ribosome shunt mechanism to initiate translati...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Pooggin MM,Rajeswaran R,Schepetilnikov MV,Ryabova LA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Influenza viruses continue to pose a major public health threat worldwide and options for antiviral therapy are limited by the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains. The antiviral cytokine, interferon (IFN) is an essential mediator of the innate immune response and influenza viruses, like many viruses, have evolve...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Ortigoza MB,Dibben O,Maamary J,Martinez-Gil L,Leyva-Grado VH,Abreu P Jr,Ayllon J,Palese P,Shaw ML

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In nature, larvae of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster are commonly infected by parasitoid wasps, and so have evolved a robust immune response to counter wasp infection. In this response, fly immune cells form a multilayered capsule surrounding the wasp egg, leading to death of the parasite. Many of the molecular m...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Mortimer NT,Kacsoh BZ,Keebaugh ES,Schlenke TA

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mosquito-borne alphaviruses such as chikungunya virus and Ross River virus (RRV) are emerging pathogens capable of causing large-scale epidemics of virus-induced arthritis and myositis. The pathology of RRV-induced disease in both humans and mice is associated with induction of the host inflammatory response within th...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Gunn BM,Morrison TE,Whitmore AC,Blevins LK,Hueston L,Fraser RJ,Herrero LJ,Ramirez R,Smith PN,Mahalingam S,Heise MT

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the most virulent enteroviruses, but the specific molecular features that enhance its ability to disseminate in humans remain unknown. We analyzed the genomic features of EV71 in an immunocompromised host with disseminated disease according to the different sites of infection. Compariso...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Cordey S,Petty TJ,Schibler M,Martinez Y,Gerlach D,van Belle S,Turin L,Zdobnov E,Kaiser L,Tapparel C

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting of permissive entry sites is crucial for bacterial infection. The targeting mechanisms are incompletely understood. We have analyzed target-site selection by S. Typhimurium. This enteropathogenic bacterium employs adhesins (e.g. fim) and the type III secretion system 1 (TTSS-1) for host cell binding, the tri...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Misselwitz B,Barrett N,Kreibich S,Vonaesch P,Andritschke D,Rout S,Weidner K,Sormaz M,Songhet P,Horvath P,Chabria M,Vogel V,Spori DM,Jenny P,Hardt WD

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that persists lifelong in the host. In ∼4% of infected people, HTLV-1 causes a chronic disabling neuroinflammatory disease known as HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The pathogenesis of HAM/TSP is unknown and treatment remain...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Tattermusch S,Skinner JA,Chaussabel D,Banchereau J,Berry MP,McNab FW,O'Garra A,Taylor GP,Bangham CR

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NKT cells play an important role in autoimmune diseases, tumor surveillance, and infectious diseases, providing in most cases protection against infection. NKT cells are reactive to CD1d presented glycolipid antigens. They can modulate immune responses by promoting the secretion of type 1, type 2, or immune regulatory...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Karmakar S,Bhaumik SK,Paul J,De T

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:KSHV is the etiological agent of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and a subset of multicentricCastleman's disease (MCD). The fact that KSHV-encoded miRNAs are readily detectable in all KSHV-associated tumors suggests a potential role in viral pathogenesis and tumorigenesis. MiRNA-mediated regula...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Haecker I,Gay LA,Yang Y,Hu J,Morse AM,McIntyre LM,Renne R

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As humans age, they experience a progressive loss of thymic function and a corresponding shift in the makeup of the circulating CD8+ T cell population from naïve to memory phenotype. These alterations are believed to result in impaired CD8+ T cell responses in older individuals; however, evidence that these global cha...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Lelic A,Verschoor CP,Ventresca M,Parsons R,Evelegh C,Bowdish D,Betts MR,Loeb MB,Bramson JL

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Production of concatemeric DNA is an essential step during HSV infection, as the packaging machinery must recognize longer-than-unit-length concatemers; however, the mechanism by which they are formed is poorly understood. Although it has been proposed that the viral genome circularizes and rolling circle replication ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Schumacher AJ,Mohni KN,Kan Y,Hendrickson EA,Stark JM,Weller SK

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Candida albicans is the most frequent cause of oral fungal infections. However, the exact pathogenicity mechanisms that this fungus employs are largely unknown and many of the genes expressed during oral infection are uncharacterized. In this study we sought to functionally characterize 12 previously unknown function ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Mayer FL,Wilson D,Jacobsen ID,Miramón P,Große K,Hube B

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sepsis is a frequent complication in critical illness. The mechanisms that are involved in initiation and propagation of the disease are not well understood. Scavenger receptor A (SRA) is a membrane receptor that binds multiple polyanions such as oxidized LDL and endotoxin. Recent studies suggest that SRA acts as a pa...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Ozment TR,Ha T,Breuel KF,Ford TR,Ferguson DA,Kalbfleisch J,Schweitzer JB,Kelley JL,Li C,Williams DL

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Gram-negative bacterium, Legionella pneumophila, is a protozoan parasite and accidental intracellular pathogen of humans. We propose a model in which cycling through multiple protozoan hosts in the environment holds L. pneumophila in a state of evolutionary stasis as a broad host-range pathogen. Using an experimen...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Ensminger AW,Yassin Y,Miron A,Isberg RR

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated to what extent natural transformation acting on free DNA substrates can facilitate transfer of mobile elements including transposons, integrons and/or gene cassettes between bacterial species. Naturally transformable cells of Acinetobacter baylyi were exposed to DNA from integron-carrying strains ...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Domingues S,Harms K,Fricke WF,Johnsen PJ,da Silva GJ,Nielsen KM

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Virus-like particles (VLPs) have not been observed in Caenorhabditis germ cells, although nematode genomes contain low numbers of retrotransposon and retroviral sequences. We used electron microscopy to search for VLPs in various wild strains of Caenorhabditis, and observed very rare candidate VLPs in some strains, in...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Dennis S,Sheth U,Feldman JL,English KA,Priess JR

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ronald Ross and George Macdonald are credited with developing a mathematical model of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. A systematic historical review suggests that several mathematicians and scientists contributed to development of the Ross-Macdonald model over a period of 70 years. Ross developed two different m...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Smith DL,Battle KE,Hay SI,Barker CM,Scott TW,McKenzie FE

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The innate immune system is the first line of host defense against invading organisms. Thus, pathogens have developed virulence mechanisms to evade the innate immune system. Here, we report a novel means for inhibition of neutrophil recruitment by Group A Streptococcus (GAS). Deletion of the secreted esterase gene (de...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Liu M,Zhu H,Li J,Garcia CC,Feng W,Kirpotina LN,Hilmer J,Tavares LP,Layton AW,Quinn MT,Bothner B,Teixeira MM,Lei B

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RNA modification plays an important role in modulating host-pathogen interaction. Flavivirus NS5 protein encodes N-7 and 2'-O methyltransferase activities that are required for the formation of 5' type I cap (m(7)GpppAm) of viral RNA genome. Here we reported, for the first time, that flavivirus NS5 has a novel interna...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Dong H,Chang DC,Hua MH,Lim SP,Chionh YH,Hia F,Lee YH,Kukkaro P,Lok SM,Dedon PC,Shi PY

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dissemination of HIV in the host involves transit of the virus and virus-infected cells across the lymphatic endothelium. HIV may alter lymphatic endothelial permeability to foster dissemination, but the mechanism is largely unexplored. Using a primary human lymphatic endothelial cell model, we found that HIV-1 envelo...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Zhang X,Yu J,Kuzontkoski PM,Zhu W,Li DY,Groopman JE

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uncovering how natural selection and genetic drift shape the evolutionary dynamics of virus populations within their hosts can pave the way to a better understanding of virus emergence. Mathematical models already play a leading role in these studies and are intended to predict future emergences. Here, using high-thro...

journal_title：PLoS pathogens

authors： Fabre F,Montarry J,Coville J,Senoussi R,Simon V,Moury B

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00